Europe

Overview

Chapter 5 explores 3 regions - Poland, Bosnia and Bulgaria.
We are given a very deep dive into the Podhale region of Poland, with just a taste of the other cultures.
We are also given a sample of Jewish Klesmer music.
The book's 3 themes of the chapter:

1. Diversity of Cultural practices
2. Cultural Context
3. Music and Identity

See Pg241-242 for details

⚠️ Vocab:

• Podhoale = A region in poland. Translates as "hole", or "below the mountains"
• Pytace = "Quesitoners” (book says “askers, announcers, criers”)

WeddingProcession-StanislawKrupaAndJanKrzeptowski-Sabala.m4a
⚠️ The book's example of the wedding procession with "pytace"
See page 238-240 for details

Pytace z Kościeliska
A 30 min home video of pytace singers in a wedding procession through town
pytace

⚠️ pages 242-248 seek to give some generalizations about european music.
Some key points:

• defining what the limits of what is considered "European music" is perhaps impossible
• 3 main religions helped drive music culture. In particular the Roman Catholic Church because of it's power and worldwide spread.
• Nationalism helped solidify firm cultural identities that adhere to the borders of the country
• Western harmony, the western harmonic progression (a chord progression), and melodic ideas that imply a harmonic progression, are musical concepts that are easily identifiable as being European.

⚠️OifnPripetshik-KatherineMeizel.m4a
This is presented as an example of Jewish yiddish music. It is identifiable by it's 3/4 meter and minor mode

⚠️ On page248 the book discuss duple vs triple meter. In class we discussed the differences between meter and subdivision, since we have encountered terms such as "duple subdivision" alongside "duple meter".

MightyFortress.m4a
⚠️ Read the quote on page 256 about mighty fortress being a drinking song
The book mentions this song in reference to European scales

⚠️ See page 257-258 for a discussion on Harmony using Joy to the world as an example. In class we discussed how western harmony can be derived from the harmonic series.

SisterHoldYourChastity.m4a
⚠️ Example of Ganga singing from Bosnia

⚠️ Vocab: Ganga = a musical genre of folk singing from Bosnia
Please be familiar with what the book describes as "dissonant" harmonies in the description of this piece.

As a counter example to the steady meters, we are given the Ruchenitsa / Ръченица example below.
⚠️ Bulgarian Instrument Vocab:

• Каба гайда = Kaba gaida (bagpipes)
• тъпан = Tapan (drum)
• кавал = Kaval (flute)
• гъдулка = gudulka (bowed string instrument)

Ruchenitsa.m4a
Example from the book of Ruchenitsa

Podhalanskie music

⚠️ Podhale Vocab:

• Górale = Mountaineer (noun)| Goralski (adj) | Gora = Mountain |
• Nuta = See page 264 for description of Nuta
• Górale Kapela = String Band
• Pasterska = A genre of mostly unmetered vocal music for listening "Pastoral"
• Ozwodna = A genre of metered music for dancing "Turning"
• Wierchowa = A genre of either metered or unmetered music
• Goralski = a dance in the style of goralski

THE “Seven Point Natural Scale” called the “highlander scale”
In this video we learn that the scale that much of the polish music is based on 2 neighboring harmonic series that come out from overtone flute.
highlander scale video

Nuty podhalańskie - Wprowadzenie: część 2
In this 13 minute video we learn about the history of the Podhale region
Nuty podhalańskie

⚠️ Three examples from the book to explain the Nuty/Nuta concept:

Pasterska-Skalni.m4a

Wierchowa.m4a

Ozwodna.m4a

⚠️ Who is Krzysztof Trebunia-Tutka?

The main performer in all of the book's examples. From a family of well-respected traditional musicians from Podhale. He plays traditional music as well as modern fusion. He had a hard time learning from his father at first, but eventually his father began to teach him more. What are the similarities and differences between Krzysztof and the other musicians we have looked at?

Video of the Goralski Dance:
Góralski Karnawał - Kamil Kluś Podobny & Małgorzata Karpiel
Youtube Video

The book gives us a 5 part breakdown of a traditional Goralksi dance:

GóralskiSuitePart1-Ozwodna.m4a

GóralskiSuitePart2-Ozwodna.m4a

GóralskiSuitePart3-Krzesana_TrzyARos.m4a

GóralskiSuitePart4-Krzesana_PoDwa.m4a

GóralskiSuitePart5-Krzesana_ZeStary_Zielona.m4a

Kids performing the Goralski dance
Youtube Video

In this video we seen a performance of Gorale Kapela:
Góralska muzyka na żywo,
Youtube Video

A good example of how there are very many other kinds of polish music that the book does not even get into:
Kapela z Wojciechowa (Band from Wojciechów)
Youtube Video

Good old recordings on video:
TANIEC GORALSKI STANISLAW BACHLEDA KUBANSKI CHICAGO 1983
Youtube Video

"MAŚNIAKI" - TANIEC GÓRALSKI - muzyka Maśniaków
Youtube Video

Modern Podhale Fusions with other music genres

This is traditional folk polish musician Krzysztof Trebunia-Tutka with Norman "Twinkle" Grant (of the Twinkle Brothers)
A really good example of the Gorale and Reggae combo:
Youtube Video

The book example of the same song:
KrzesanyPoDwa.m4a

Ivo Papazov!!
KurdzhaliiskaRuchenica-IvoPapasov.m4a

IVO !!!!! and HIS Very Dope Bulgarian Wedding band. I could watch this performance for days
Ivo and his amazing wedding band.!

⚠️ Some key points about Ivo Papasov:

• This style of music is called "Balkan Jazz", as it is deriving influence from Bulgarian Wedding Music (such as Ruchenitsa) and Modern Jazz.
• Ivo and his sax playing bandmate Yuri Yunakov are both Turkish, not Bulgarian. Yet they are world famous for playing Bulgarian music. This fact plays into the books conclusion about Music and Identity on pg292
• Ruchenitsa, as well as Ivo's music are very very fast and utilize odd time signatures / odd meters in duple subdivisions.
• The melodic material is HIGHLY ornamented with very quick and fast notes. The book does not discuss the rules around this very complex feature of Bulgarian music
• These examples in the book only represent one of many many many different kinds of Bulgarian folk genres.

Yet another example of a modern fusion, Goralski Rap.
Samłel - Bystro woda | Góralski rap | Podhale | Zakopane
Goralski Rap Video

⚠️ on page 289, a question is raised about the validity of a performance of Ganga (Bosnian music) in the academy verses by the rural people. This discussion is relevant for the books point about Cultural Context which is reiterated on pg 291

More Bulgarian Music!!!! 💗

100 Каба гайди, Сос ма караш, майчинко, 100 Kaba Gaidi
Youtube Video

Drinking guys singing:
Youtube Video

bulgarian midi files:
midis 101dickatlee balkan music khafif

A paper explaining Bulgarian dance steps with notation
Bulgarian Dance Rhythms

Good Video for learning Tapan
Youtube Video

Good Tapan Playing:
Youtube Video

Really good portuguese guy?
Youtube Video

Actual good Balkan Guy playing:
Youtube Video

Ensamble Tupan and Stoyn Yankulov - Stundchi. (Sofiyickata Filharmoniya)
Ансамбъл тъпани и Стоян Янкулов - Стунджи
(Софийската филхармония )
Youtube Video

Another very common Modern Fusion example of Bulgarian Music
Outhentic - Otdole Ide / Аутентик - Отдоле иде
Youtube Video

⚠️ ТРИО "БЪЛГАРКА"
Trio Bulgarka ( "The Three Golden Coins")
Youtube Video

Kate Bush - The Sensual World with the trio Bulgarka
"Rocket's Tail" (rocket is her cat)
Youtube Video

I wrote this for the trio, really, musically, in that I wanted a song that could really show them off. The other two songs that they appear on were already structured and in a way they had to very much fit around the song's structure to become a part of it, but this song they were there en masse, really, the whole song was based around them. And I wrote it on a synthesizer with a choir sound and just sang along. We put John's on and I had no idea if their voices were going to work on it at all, really, so the whole thing hung on the fact of whether when we went out to Bulgaria, whether it worked or not. And the arranger we worked with out there was such a brilliant man. In some ways, I think that the fact that we didn't speak the same language made our communication much easier because he seemed to know exactly what I wanted, and, really, just after a few hours he was coming up with the most incredible tunes, and I just had to say "Oh yes, I like that one", "Er, no, not too keen on that one," "Umm, that's lovely!" and just go away and write it out. It was incredible, I've never worked like that before, so quickly with someone I've never met before. It was really exciting to find that kind of chemistry. (...)

⚠️ Molih Ta, another example of Bulgarian folk singing
Молих те, майчо
Youtube Video

The classic nonesuch album:
Youtube Video

333 Kapa gayida
Български Фолклор-333 Каба гайди !!!
Youtube Video

other

ZutaBaba.m4a
This is another modern fusion example of Bosnian Music.

Yogev Gabay 'Do Not Look Down' by Meshuggah
Our transition to Indian starts here
Yogev Gabay: 'Do Not Look Down' by Meshuggah

thanks